How is the Return on Equity Ratio calculated?

The Return on Equity (ROE) ratio is calculated by taking the net income of a company and dividing it by the shareholder's equity. This ratio is an essential measure in finance as it indicates how effectively a company is using the equity invested by its shareholders to generate profit. A higher ROE means that the company is more efficient at converting the equity financing it received into profits, which is an attractive feature for current and potential investors.

Shareholders want to know how well their capital is being utilized, and ROE provides a clear insight into this performance metric. This ratio is particularly useful for comparing the profitability of companies within the same industry, as it reflects the return generated on the shareholders' investment directly.

The other options do not accurately represent how ROE is determined. Net income divided by total revenue reflects the profit margin, while total revenue divided by total assets assesses asset efficiency and turnover. Multiplying net income by debt does not yield any meaningful financial ratio related to shareholder returns. Thus, the formulation using net income and shareholder's equity is the correct approach for calculating the Return on Equity Ratio.